SAP ( Systems, Applications and Products in data processing) is an ERP (Enterprise Resouce Plannig) software.
Contains 3 layers: Presentation: It is a layer where the user work with SAP GUI. It interacts with database layer via Application layer. Application: It interacts between presentation and database layer It resides in a computer server with multiple CPUs and a vast amount of RAM. Database: It is a central database that stores all the data of ERP SAP Systems.
Project Preparation : It includes Building the team: knowing people who have the knowledge of the organization business processes Business Blueprint : includes what modules of a SAP product would be used and the mapping of the existing business processes to the SAP processes. Realization : The actual work of customizing the SAP software to be in sync with the organizations business processes is done in this phase. It includes customization of existing SAP package and solution along with the development of new objects based on requirement. Testing : The changes made in the realization phase need to be tested in isolation as well as in a consolidated manner using real-time data. This is done in the testing phase Final Preparation : Certain activities needed to be done directly in the production system . Go-Live and support : In this stage, the final product is released to the end-users. The go-live may be done in a Big Bang (all modules at one go) or in a phase-by-phase manner. support means resolving end users issues.
Enterprise resources planning is a software which all tasks of the bussiness are integrated into it.
Various business processes running in an enterprise and how they are integrated
Transaction (in SAP) means processing of certain information in order to complete business process requirement
T Code is a 4 digit short cut key to direct access the desired transaction from anywhere within the SAP system. Instead of using SAP R/3 menu path you can start a function in a single step by using a SAP T-Code. For example : "customer master record" can be created by transaction code FD03 or by SAP menu path :
SAP menu > Accounting > Financial accounting > Accounts
Receivable > Master record > FD01- Create
1. Log On to SAP
2. Place a cursor in the SAP command field and enter transaction code and press enter
When a company purchases SAP, it comes in a CD in form of software.
When SAP is first installed, SAP has its standard set up that needs to be configured according to
the need of client i.e. organization.
Configuration of SAP software like add fields, to change field names, to modify drop down lists etc.
to adjust according to working of your organization is done through implementation guide known as IMG.
IMG is where we define enterprise structure and other settings.
SAP IMG Path
To do any type of configuration according to our organization need the first step is to reach the implementation (IMG) guide screen.
We can reach implementation guide in 2 ways:
Menu path :
SAP Easy Access > Tools > Customizing > IMG > Execute Project
Transactional code :
SPRO (SAP Project Reference Object)
SAP IMG
After SPRO, on the next screen click on SAP Reference IMG.
Data stored in SAP R/3 is categorized as Master Data and Transactional Data. Master data is the core data that is used as a base for any transaction. If you are producing, transferring stock, selling, purchasing, doing a physical inventory, whatever your activity may be, it requires certain master data to be maintained. Example of Master Data Material master data Customer master data Vendor master data Pricing/conditions master data Warehouse management master data (storage bin master data)
SAP has functional and technical Modules
MM ( Material management) PP ( production planning) FI( Finance) CO( control) SD ( Sale & Distribution) HR ( Human resource) CRM ( Customer relationship management)
ABAP ( Advanced business applications programming) XI( Exchange Infrastructure) Net viewer Basis BI (Bussiness Intelegence) BIW ( Business Information Warehousing )
A client is a logical portion of an SAP R/3 physical database.
From a business standpoint, a client can be interpreted as a logical group of companies.
All customizing (configuration) and development (ABAP) work , is performed in a client.
Client-dependent data is the data specific to an individual client. Examples include number ranges, ABAP variants, and user masters as well as the data that is created or updated through SAP R/3 transactions. Client-independent data is the data contained across all clients in the system. Examples of client-independent data include data dictionary objects (tables, views), ABAP source code, screens, and menus.
Data resides in tables. To determine if a particular table is client-dependent or client-independent, the table structure needs to be reviewed. The table structure can be viewed by the data dictionary (SE11). If MANDT (client in German) is the first key field of the table, then the table is client-dependent; otherwise, the table is client-independent. For example, the TSTC table is client-independent; however, the USR01 table is client-dependent.
Every SAP R/3 system contains at least the 3 clients :
000, 001, and 066 which must not be deleted.
Client 000
In particular, it is given extended functionality during upgrades.
Typically, most projects start with a copy of client 000 to begin building configuration.
Client 001
is basically a copy of 000 and can be used as a basis for a new customizing client.
Client 066
is a special client which is provided for operational system monitoring.
It is used by SAP R/3`s Early Watch Service to provide performance recommendations.
Customer work should never take place in the three delivered clients.
OS: Windows-based PC running Windows 7, Vista, or Windows XP with Service Pack 3 Apple Mac with Virtual Machine software (VMWare, Fusion, Parallels) running Windows 7, Vista, or XP (Service Pack 3) System Memory (RAM) Windows XP , Minimum of 1 GB; 2 GB recommended Windows 7 , Minimum of 2 GB; 4 GB recommended Mac with Virtual Windows Environment − Minimum of 2 GB; 4 GB recommended Disk Space 145 MB of available disk space for the SAP GUI installer program 250 MB of available disk space for the fully-installed application Required Software Downloads Download Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 7 SDK License Agreement SAP GUI 7.30 SAP IDES 4.7 Installation files MS Loopback Network Adaptor
is a combination of the underlying SAP Kernel
(also known as the SAP OS layer, basically the WEB AS) and any SAP software tool for business enablement.
SAP NetWeaver is a web-based, open integration, application platform that serves as the foundation
for enterprise service-oriented architecture (enterprise SOA) .
SAP NetWeaver Appbcation Server It supports platform-independent web services, business applications, and standards-based development, enabling you to leverage existing technology assets for Web-services-oriented solutions. SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse It enables you to integrate data from across the enterprise and transform it into practical, timely business information to drive sound decision making. SAP NetWeaver Gateway It enables developers to create applications that link business users to SAP software from any environment and through any device. SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management It ensures cross-system data consistency and helps integrate business processes across the extended value chain. SAP NetWeaver Process Orchestration It helps improve processes, from simple workflows to integrated processes that span applications and organizational boundaries. It includes capabilities for business process management, business rules management, and process integration. SAP NetWeaver Portal It unifies critical information and applications to give users role-based views that span the enterprise, enabling you to take full advantage of your information resources. SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure It gives you all the capabilities you need to integrate all automated sensing devices including RFID readers and printers, Bluetooth devices, embedded systems, and barcode devices. SAP NetWeaver Identity Management It addresses access and provisioning issues facing a typical enterprise. It creates a new opportunity for integrating business processes, and helps you to integrate systems in a heterogeneous IT environment. SAP NetWeaver Information Lifecycle Management It allows you to archive data in a readily accessible format according to regulatory retention rules that you define.
Adaptive Computing Controller It provides a central point of control for assigning computing resources and optimizing their use. SAP NetWeaver Composition Environment It provides a robust environment for design, deployment, and running of composite applications that comply with a service-oriented architecture. SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio It offers a convenient user interface and rich functionality for developing J2EE appbcations. SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer It simplifies the creation of portal content and analytics applications, enabling business analysts to build or customize applications using a visual user interface rather than manual coding. SAP Solution Manager It facilitates technical support for distributed systems with functionality that covers all key aspects of solution deployment, operation, and continuous improvement.
SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search It provides a simple and secure gateway to enterprise objects and transactions. SAP NetWeaver Single Sign-On It offers a comprehensive single sign-on solution, enabling reuse of a person's initial authentication for subsequent log-ins to all applications.
SAP Logon
SAP logon is used to create icons to logon to SAP R/3.
However, the icons created with SAP logon are not placed in the SAP R/3 Windows group;
they are instead shown via the SAP logon menu.
The SAP logon pad is available once the SAP GUI is installed at the workstation.
Click New Button
Click Next Button
Fill in the following details in the "System Entry Properties" screen
Description −Provide a meaningful short text for identifying the server.
The server will be available in the SAP Logon pad with this name.
Application server Provide the IP/Address of the application server, provided by the basis administrator.
System number and System ID Give the system number provided by the basis administrator.
It should be kept as 00, if nothing is specified.
SAP router string
Provide the SAP Router String, if provided by the basis administrator. Sometimes it may be left blank.
Click finish
SAP GUI for Windows environment SAP GUI for Java environment SAP GUI for HTML
SAP Logon pad is used to configure the SAP server. The SAP GUI is used to connect the computer to the SAP system. 1.Launch the SAP logon pad. 2.Double-click on the Application Server (which you need to connect), from the SAP logon pad. The SAP logon screen appears. On the SAP logon screen 3.The value of the default client appears automatically. If you want to logon to a different client, then change it with the new client number. 4.Next, enter the User ID and password assigned to you. 5.After filling up the four fields, press the Enter button to logon to the SAP system.
To change your password, click the "New Password" button and set the password.
Select a new password and then confirm it by typing it again.
The asterisk will remain in the password field.
Click on the click icon once you are satisfied with your password selection.
Click “System” on the menu bar.
Select “User Profile” → “Own Data” as specified in the following screenshot.
ABAP is a programming language that runs in the SAP ABAP runtime environment, created and used by SAP for the development of application programs including : Reports Module Pool Programming Interfaces Forms Data conversions User Exits & BADI All of R/3’s applications and even parts of its basis system were developed in ABAP. ABAP is an event-driven programming language. User actions and system events control the execution of an application. ABAP is also called ABAP/4. The “4” in ABAP/4 stands for “Fourth Generation Language” or 4GL.
The ABAP Workbench is used by SAP for the development of standard and custom application software. The ABAP Workbench is also used to create dictionary objects. It consists of the following components:
ABAP Editor is used to maintain programs. ABAP Dictionary is used to maintain Dictionary objects. Repository Browser is used to display a hierarchical structure of the components in a package. Menu Painter is used to develop graphical user interfaces including menu bars and toolbars. Screen Painter is used to maintain screen components for online programs. Repository Information System contains information about development and runtime objects, such as data models, dictionary types and table structures, programs, and functions. Test and Analysis Tools, such as the Syntax Check and the Debugger. Function Builder, which allows to create and maintain function groups and function modules. Data Modeler, a tool which supports graphical modeling. Workbench Organizer, which maintains multiple development projects and manages their distribution.
Classical reports they do not allow interaction by the user; The user must often sort through to find relevant data. Interactive reports allow interaction by the user; therefore, the user can produce secondary, detailed lists of the basic list by choosing the relevant data and requesting more information. SAP Query or Ad-hoc Query or InfoSet Query is a tool that allows the end-user to design different queries based on different input and output parameters . This is one of the reporting tools majorly used in the HR Module to pull data from the databases. InfoSet Query is suitable for reporting in all areas of the SAP R/3 system. Kinds of Ad-hoc Queries: Basic List Simple reports. Statistics Reports with statistical functions such as average, percentage, etc. Ranked List For analytical reports. Transaction code used to access ad-hoc Queries SQ01 − Maintain Queries SQ02 − Display InfoSet SQ03 − Maintain User Groups
Types of Data Entry: BDC (Batch Data Communication) IDOC (Intermediate Document) LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench) Interfaces through upload of .txt or Excel files holding data Manual data entry using transaction codes
Kinds of printing methods :
In order to avoid threats the system implements safeguards such as:
access control, firewall, encryption, O/S hardening, digital certificate, security monitor, and antivirus.
Authentication − Only legitimate users should be able to access the system.
Authorization − Users should only be able to perform their designated tasks.
Integrity − Data integrity needs to be granted at all time.
Privacy − Protection of data against unauthorized access.
Obligation − Ensuring liability and legal obligation towards stakeholders and shareholders including validation.
